?????�???�???? to - ?????�?? ?�?�?�??, ???� ?????�?? ?????�?????�???�??????

?�?�?? ?�, ???�?�???�?? ?�?� ???�???� ?�?????????? ?????�??! ?? ???�?????�?? ???????�?�?? ???�?�?�?? ???????????�?????� ?????�???�?�???? ?????�???�????, ?�?�???�???�?�, ???�???�?�???� ?? ?????????�?? ???????�???? ?�?????�?? ???? ?????�???? TO! ?�?�?�?? ?�???�???????????�???�?�!

???????????????? ?????�???� to - "?�?�???�?�?? ?�?�?�??" ???�?? ?�?�????-?�??. ???�?? ???�?�?� "?????????� ???�?�???�?�?�??????" - ?�??, ?? ?�?�???? ???� ?? ???�?????� ?????????�?? (???????????�???????�, ?????�?�?�??, ?????????�???�?????�: "?�??, ?? ?�?�???? ?????????�??").

???? ?????�??, ???�?? ?�?????????�???�???????�, ?�?�?? ???�?� ?�?�?????????????� ???�?�?�?�?�, ?? ???�?????? ?�?� ???????� ???? ?????�???�?�?�?�?�????. ?�?�?? ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ???�?????�???�?�?????�, ?????�?�?�?????�, ?????????�?????� ???�?????�?�?????? ???????????? ???�???�???�?� ?? ?????????????? (?????� ???�?? ???� ???�?�???� ???� ???�???�?�???�???? ???????????????? ???� ???????????? ?????�?????�?�?????� ?? ??????????????)...

?? ???�???�???????? to ???� ?????????????? ???� ?????�?�?? ?????????�?????�?? ???�?�???�?� ???�?????�: ?�?�???�?�, ??, ?�?????�, ??, ???�??, ?? ?�?�?�????, ?? ???�??????????, ?? ???�?????�???�?�??????... (?????????�?�, ???�?? ?????????? ???�?????�???�???? ???�???�???????�? ?? ?????� ?????�??????, ?�?�?? ???�?� ?????????????? ???????�???�?�???�?????? ?????�???�????????!) ???? ?????�?? ?????�?�?�?�???? ?�???? ?�?� ???�??????: to - ???�?? ?????�???? ?�???�?? ?????�?�?�?????� ???� ?�?�??-?�??.

?? ?�???� ???�?�?� ???�???�???????? ?�???�?�?� ???�???????????�?�??, ???? ???� ?? ???�???? - ?�?????? ???????�?�, ?� ???????????�?�?? ?? ???� ?????�??, ???????�?????? ?????� ???�?????? ???�?? ?????�?�???? ?�???�?�???�??:

[ ] -> [ ]

?�???� ?�?� ???�???�?�???�???� - ?? ?�???�?? ???�?�?� to. ?�?�???? ?????�???� ???�?????? ?????�???�?????�, ?�?�???�???�?� ?? ???�???�?�???? ?????�?�??. ?�???�???? ?�???�?? ???????� ???�?�?�???????�?? ?????�???�???????�?? ???�???�?�???�???�... ???????????? ???????�?????�??, ?????�?????�?

???? ?� ?�?�???�???? - ?????????�???�.

"It is the road to the farm" - ???�?? ???????????� ?? ?�?�?????�. ???�???�?�???�???� ???�?�?� ?????�?�?� ?�?�?�?? ???�???????????�???� ???� ?�???�???� :)

"He gave it to me" - ???? ???�?� ???�?? ?�???�???????????? ?????�. ???� ???�?�?? -> ?????�.

"She pointed to a notice on the wall" - ?�???� ???�???�?�???�???? ???�?�?� ???????�???�?�?�?�?? ???� ???�????, ?�?�???�?????� ???????�?�?�?�?� ???�?�???�?�?? ???� ???�???????�?�?????�. (???�?????????�?�, ?? ???� ?�???�?�?� ???????????????�?? ???�???� ???�?�?????????�???�???? ?????????�??, ???? ?�???? ???????????�?�?? ???�???�?�?????�?? ?????????�?�???�?� ?? ?????????? ?�?�?? ???�?????�???�. ???�???�?�?????�??, ?�?�????! ???� ?�?�?? ?�?�?????� 21 ?�?�?????� ?�?�?????� ?�?� ?�?�???????�?�?�???�?�, ?�???�?? ?�?�??).

"They were very kind to my mother" - ?????? ???�?? ?�?� ?�?�???� ?�???�?? ?????�???� :) ?? ?????�?????? ???�?????�???�?�??????.

"The answer to an important question" - [answer] -> [question]

"Our team won by five goals to three" - [???�?�?? 5 ?????�????] (???????�?�???� ???????�?????????�) -> [???� ?�???? ?????�?�](???�???�???�???� ???� ???????�?�??????).

"It??�s twenty-five to twelve" - ?????�?�?�?�???? ?�?�????-?�?? [25] -> ???? ?????�???�?�?????? [12]. ???�???�?????????� ???�?? ?????? ?????�????, ???? ???�???�??, ???�?�????, ???�?�?????�?�? ?????�?�?�, ???�?? ?????�?�?�?????? 25 ?????????�???? ?????�???�???�?? ?? ???????�????????, ?�?�???� ???�?????�?????�?? 12?? ?�?????? ?�?�???�?�?�??????.

???????????� ???�?� ???�?????�???�?�?????????�?? ???�?�?� ?�?�???�?�?� ?? ???�?�???? ?�?�???�???�???�??????, ???????�?�?� ???????�?? ???� ?????�?�?�???????? ????????. ?????????� ???�?� ?�?????????????� ?????�???�?? ?????�???�?????� ???�?�?�???�?�?�???? ???�???�?�???�??. ???? ?????�???� ?????�?�?�?�???? ?�?�?? ?�?� ???�???�??. ???�?????????�??:

"The sign was swinging to and fro in the wind" - [?�???�??] ?�???�?�?�?�???? ?�?????� -> [???????? ?�???�???� ???�?????�???�?�?????�] ?? ???????� (?�???�???� ???????????� ???�?????�???�?�?????�).

???�????:

?�?�???? ?????�???� to - ?????�?�?�?????� ???� ?�?�??-?�??. ???�?????�???�?�?????�, ?�?�?�??, ?????�???�?�?�?�?�??, ?�?�???�?�?�, ???�?????�?????�... ???� ?????????�?? ???�?? ?�?� ?�?�???�?�?? ?�?�??-?�?? ?????????? ???? ?�?�??-?�?? ???????????�, ?????????�???�???? ?????�???�???? to. ?� ???�???? ???�???? ?�???? ?????�???�, ?? ???????�???????? ?????????????? ?????�???�?� ?? ???�???? ???�?� :)